時(shí)效對(duì)固溶+冷軋7075鋁合金力學(xué)性能和顯微組織的影響

時(shí)效對(duì)固溶+冷軋7075鋁合金力學(xué)性能和顯微組織的影響Effect of ageing on mechanical properties and microstructures of solution treated and cold-rolled 7075 Al alloy

采用拉伸測(cè)試、金相顯微鏡、XRD及TEM等方法，研究時(shí)效處理對(duì)經(jīng)歷固溶+冷軋的7075鋁合金顯微組織和力學(xué)性能的影響規(guī)律。力學(xué)性能測(cè)試表明：80、100、120 ℃時(shí)效均能顯著提高合金強(qiáng)度并保持一定塑性。(475 ℃, 1 h固溶處理)+80%壓下量冷軋+(80 ℃, 48 h)時(shí)效合金的抗拉強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度和伸長(zhǎng)率分別為773 MPa、720 MPa和5%。顯微組織分析表明：相較于冷軋合金，時(shí)效合金強(qiáng)度的提高源于冷軋加工硬化(高的位錯(cuò)密度、高的軋制織構(gòu)體積分?jǐn)?shù)及細(xì)化的晶粒尺寸)和析出強(qiáng)化的共同作用；時(shí)效合金伸長(zhǎng)率的改善與位錯(cuò)回復(fù)程度和析出相特征同時(shí)相關(guān)。此外，根據(jù)時(shí)效析出和位錯(cuò)回復(fù)特征，分析了時(shí)效過(guò)程中合金強(qiáng)度和伸長(zhǎng)率的變化規(guī)律。

The effects of ageing at 80, 100 and 120 ℃ on the mechanical properties and microstructures of 7075 Al alloy solution treated at 475 ℃ for 1 h and cold-rolled at room temperature by thickness reduction of 80% were studied by tensile test, optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile test results show that the strength of the alloy is significantly improved by the thermomechanical treatment with acceptable ductility. Especially, after being aged at 80 ℃ for 48 h, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to failure of the alloy are 773 MPa, 720 MPa and 5%, respectively. Microstructural observations show that the strength of the alloy is attributed to the combination of cold-rolling work hardening (high dislocation density, increased rolling textures and refined grains) and precipitation strengthening. Meanwhile, the improved elongation of the alloy is mainly due to dislocation recovery and ageing precipitation. Furthermore, the change in strength and ductility of the alloy during ageing was analyzed further based on the dislocation density and precipitation characterization.

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