軋制工藝對低牌號無取向電工鋼相變退火組織、織構與磁性能的影響

軋制工藝對低牌號無取向電工鋼相變退火組織、織構與磁性能的影響The influence of rolling process on the microstructure，texture and magnetic properties of low grades non-oriented electrical steel after phase transformation treatment

將低牌號無取向電工鋼的原始鑄坯采用不同的工藝軋制得到5組樣品，在H2氣氛下進行相變退火處理，使其發生α→γ→α相變，采用EBSD、XRD和磁性能測量技術確定了不同軋制工藝對低牌號無取向電工鋼相變退火組織、織構與磁性能的影響。結果表明：相比于常規再結晶退火處理，相變退火處理可顯著粗化晶粒降低成品板鐵損；相變過程中存在織構遺傳現象，直接冷軋工藝相比于熱軋-冷軋工藝，相變退火后更有利于獲得{100}織構，并顯著改善成品板的磁性能；低溫熱軋相比于高溫熱軋能保留更多的{100}取向晶粒，相變退火后成品板中的非{111}取向晶粒增多，并提高了成品板磁性能；此外工業板中P和Al元素的偏聚或氧化對相變退火后成品板的組織、織構與磁性能有不利影響。

The quality of commercial non-oriented electrical steels are mainly optimized by the control of deformation and recrystallization parameters. And the microstructure, texture and magnetic properties are influenced by the rolling process before recrystallization annealing. The favorite {100} texture in such condition takes at maximum only about 20% in volume fraction. In contrast, phase transformation combined with deformation can lead to nearly 80% volume fraction of {100}-oriented grains, which is confirmed by many authors. This work illustrates the influence of the rolling process on the microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of low grades non-oriented electrical steel after phase transformation treatment by means of EBSD, XRD and magnetism measuring techniques. The starting material is a columnar-grained industrial low grades electrical steel cast slab. Five different initial microstructures are obtained after different deformation processes, the α→γ→α phase transformation annealing of samples is conducted in a tube furnace under H2 atmosphere. The results show that phase transformation annealing can significantly coarse grain size and reduce the iron loss of non-oriented electrical steels compared with traditional recrystallization annealing. And the phase transformation texture is influenced by texture memory. Compared with hot rolling-cold rolling process, more {100}-oriented grains are obtained and the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels are improved significantly after phase transformation in the directly cold rolling process. The proportion of non-{111} oriented grains increases and more initial {100}-oriented grains are retained after phase transformation in the process with lower hot rolling temperature, which improve the magnetic properties of final sample. In addition, the presence of P and Al elements in commercial electrical steels may affect the microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels due to segregation and oxidation after phase transformation.

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