3D打印用球形Ni粉的制備與打印工藝性能

3D打印用球形Ni粉的制備與打印工藝性能Preparation and Performance of Spherical Ni Powder for 3D Printing

建立了低溫噴霧干燥與熱處理相結合的新方法，制備得到了物相純凈、球形度高、流動性好和粒徑分布窄的球形Ni粉。比較分析了噴霧干燥法制備的Ni粉和氣霧化法生產的商業化Ni粉的顯微組織結構和激光吸收率及其對3D打印件組織和性能的影響。發現噴霧干燥法制備Ni粉的激光吸收率是氣霧化法生產Ni粉的2倍以上；打印過程中形成更寬的熔道，且顆粒熔化后表面張力和顆粒間液橋力均較小，大大減少了金屬粉末打印中極易出現的表面球化現象。噴霧干燥法制備Ni粉打印件的相對密度達到99.2%，其顯微組織由細小的柱狀晶和胞狀晶構成，且柱狀晶穿過層間邊界生長，使打印件具有致密的層間結合。

A novel method combining low temperature spray-drying with heat treatment was developed to prepare Ni powder with high purity, good sphericity, high flowability and narrow particle size distribution. The microstructure and laser absorptivity of the prepared Ni powder were compared with those of the commercial Ni powder prepared by gas atomization, and their influences on the microstructure and properties of the 3D printed bulk materials were investigated. It is found that the laser absorptivity of the Ni powder prepared by spray-drying is more than 2 times as high as that of the commercial Ni powder. This lead to a wider melting channel, smaller surface tension and liquid-bridging force between particles in the printing process. As a result, the spheroidization phenomenon occurring on the surface of the printed bulk material can be avoided by use of the spray-dried powder, and the relative density is achieved as 99.2% at the as-printed state. In the microstructure of the printed bulk material, in addition to the cellular crystals, there are a number of fine columnar crystals, grown across the interlaminar boundaries, which is favorable for a high bonding strength between the interlayers.

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