電子束熔絲沉積快速成形2319鋁合金的微觀組織與力學性能研究

電子束熔絲沉積快速成形2319鋁合金的微觀組織與力學性能研究Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 2319 Alloy by Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication

選用直徑2 mm的2319鋁合金絲材進行電子束熔絲沉積快速成形，制備出150mm×35mm×52 mm的打印樣品。研究了樣品在不同方向上的微觀組織與力學性能。結果表明，通過控制電子束增材制造的參數，可獲得致密無宏觀缺陷的塊體材料，其致密度可達到99.3%。打印態2319鋁合金，平均晶粒尺寸小于10 μm，并含有初晶Al2Cu相、細小析出相和粗大雜質相。樣品中存在少量的微小孔洞，其尺寸為5?15 μm。樣品在長、寬、高3個方向的拉伸強度分別約為161、174和167 MPa。經T6處理后，粗大相基本熔解，析出尺寸更細小、分布更均勻的沉淀強化相，孔洞尺寸有所增大。由于沉淀強化起了主導作用，T6處理后樣品力學性能顯著提高，3個方向的拉伸強度分別提高到約423、495和421 MPa。

2319 aluminum alloy wires with diameter of 2 mm were used for additive manufacturing (AM) by Electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3), with a sample of 150 × 35 × 52 mm being printed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the printed sample in three directions were investigated. The results showed that bulk materials of the 2319 alloy can be printed without macroscopic defects under selective EBF3 parameters, with a relative density of 99.3% compared to the initial wires. The average grain size is the printed sample was less than 10μm, containing primary Al2Cu phases, fine particles, and coarse impurity phases. There are some tiny voids in the printed sample, and the sizes of the voids are 5?15 μm. The ultimate tensile strength of the printed sample are 161, 174 and 167 MPa in the length, width and height directions. After a T6 treatment, the coarse phase were basically dissolved and some finer phases were re-precipitated. Due to the dominant effect of dispersion strengthening, the mechanical properties of the sample were significantly improved, and the ultimate tensile strength of the sample in three directions was increased to 423, 495, and 421MPa, respectively.

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