高強高導Cu-Mg-Ca合金加工過程中組織結構演變

高強高導Cu-Mg-Ca合金加工過程中組織結構演變Microstructure and mechanical properties evolution of high strength and high electrical conductivity Cu-Mg-Ca alloy during manufacture process

利用硬度計、雙臂電橋、金相顯微鏡、透射電鏡和背散射電子衍射觀察等技術研究Cu-0.3Mg-0.16Ca(質量分數，%)合金在加工過程中組織結構的演變規律及性能變化。結果表明：設計合金經780 ℃、1 h固溶處理后冷軋變形狀80%時，硬度為167HV，抗拉強度為545 MPa，電導率70.24%IACS；當變形量達到90%時，硬度為174HV，抗拉強度為600 MPa，電導率為68.68%IACS，均高于同狀態下的高鐵接觸線用CTMH型Cu-0.4Mg合金的性能。設計合金固溶態組織為以大角度晶界為主的等軸晶，所占比例最高的是60°的大角度晶界；隨著冷變形的進行，合金組織中開始出現分布不均勻的小角度晶界，隨著變形量的進一步增加，小角度晶界先增多后減少。當變形量達到80%時，合金軋面的變形織構以S剪切織構和Copper織構為主，此時合金顯微組織中的變形條帶發生彎曲，向胞狀組織過渡。

The microstructure evolution of the designed Cu-0.3Mg-0.16Ca (mass fraction, %) alloy was studied by metallographic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffractometry. The result shows that, after being homogenized at 780 ℃ for 1 h, followed by cold rolling with a reduction of 80%, the designed alloy shows prospective comprehensive properties with tensile strength of 545 MPa and electrical conductivity of 70.24%IACS. When being cold-rolled to 90% reduction, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of Cu-0.3Mg-0.16Ca (mass fraction, %) alloy approach 600 MPa and 68.68%IACS, respectively, which are both higher than those of CTMH Cu-0.4Mg alloy that is commonly used in high-speed railway contact wires. The fraction of low-angle grain boundaries of the alloy increases and then decreases with the increase of deformation. After a cold rolling reduction of 80%, the textures of S and Copper are predominatant.

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