氘氚在RAFM鋼中的擴散滲透研究

氘氚在RAFM鋼中的擴散滲透研究Deuterium And Tritium Permeation in the Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel

CFETR（China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor）氚增殖包層設計中，擬采用RAFM鋼作結構材料。高溫下氘(D)、氚(T)在材料中的擴散輸運行為關系到聚變堆氚(T)的擴散控制、回收、循環及運行安全。采用氣相滲透方法，對國產RAFM鋼之一的CLAM鋼進行了氘(D)、氚(T)滲透實驗，得出了573~873K間，氘(D)在CLAM鋼中的滲透率ФD=3.41*10-8*exp(-39181/(RT))(mol/(m*s*Pa0.5)),擴散系數DD=1.43*10-7*exp(-22110/(RT)) (m2/s)；溶解度常數 SD=2.38*10-1*exp(-17071/(RT))(mol/(m3*Pa0.5))。在573~823K間,氚(T)在CLAM鋼中的滲透率：ФT=2.50*10-8*exp(-38493/(RT)) (mol/(m*s*Pa0.5))，并根據滲透的同位素效應比值，推導出氚(T)在CLAM鋼中的擴散系數DT=1.95*10-7*exp(-22797/(RT)) (m2/s),溶解度常數ST=1.28*10-1*exp(-15696/(RT))(mol/(m3*Pa0.5))。實驗還發現，風冷降溫使鋼的氘滲透通量出現先升后降的異常現象，其產生的機制及其對工程應用的影響有待進一步研究。

Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic (RAFM) steel is the preferred structural material for test blanket module in fusion reactor. The study of the diffusion transport character of deuterium and tritium in the steel is of great significance for fuel recycling, tritium diffusion control, recovery and safety to China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) item. Two kind of RAFM steel have been developed in China and one of them, China Low Activation Martensitic (CLAM) steel, is chosen to investigate its diffusive transport parameters of deuterium and tritium in this work. By gas-driven permeation experiment between 573K and 873K, deuterium transport parameters are measured. The permeability is: ΦD(mol/(m.s.Pa0.5)) =3.41×10-8*exp(-39181/(RT)) ，the diffusion coefficient is DD(m2/s)=1.43×10-7*exp(-22110/(RT))，the solubility constant is SD(mol/(m3.Pa0.5))=2.38×10-1*exp(-17071/(RT)). Between 573K and 823K, the permeability of tritium is ΦT(mol/(m.s.Pa0.5))=2.50×10-8*exp(-38493/(RT). According to the isotopes effect rule, the diffusion coefficient and solubility constant of tritium is deduced respectively: DT(m2/s)=1.95×10-7exp(-22797/(RT)) and ST(mol/(m3.Pa0.5))=1.28×10-1exp(-15696/(RT)). A strange behavior appears in experiments with deuterium: after forced air cooling to the steel，the permeation flux through it quickly rise first and then anomaly lower for hours. The mechanism arousing the phenomenon and effects on use in engineering needs further investigation.

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