焊后熱處理對Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接頭組織與性能的影響

焊后熱處理對Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接頭組織與性能的影響Effect of post-welding heat treatment on microstructure and properties of Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint

采用金相、硬度、電導率、剝落腐蝕、電化學腐蝕以及透射電鏡(TEM)觀察等分析測試方法研究焊后熱處理對Al-Zn-Mg合金組織與性能的影響。結果表明：Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接頭固溶區的硬度和耐腐蝕性能隨焊后熱處理時效時間的延長和溫度的提高而提升。自然時效4 d+(130 ℃, 24 h)和自然時效150 d+(150 ℃, 2 h)兩種焊后熱處理工藝較佳：經自然時效4 d+(130 ℃, 24 h)處理后，合金固溶區最大硬度由82.5HV提高至123HV，最大電導率由34%IACS提高至35.8%IACS，剝蝕等級提升至EA；經自然時效150 d+(150 ℃, 2 h)處理后，合金固溶區最大硬度提高至110HV，最大電導率至34.7%IACS，剝蝕等級提升至N。合金焊接接頭固溶區硬度與耐腐蝕性能提升的主要原因是焊后時效熱處理促進焊接固溶區晶內析出相粗化，彌散分布，且晶界析出相呈不連續分布狀。

The effects of post-welding heat treatment on microstructure and properties of Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint were studied by optical microstructure, hardness, conductivity, exfoliation corrosion testing, electrochemical corrosion testing and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) testing. The results show that the hardness and corrosion resistance of welded joint at solid solution zone of Al-Zn-Mg alloy increase with post-welding aging time and temperature increasing. Two kinds of optimum post-welding heat treatment to Al-Zn-Mg alloy are natural aging for 4 d+artificial aging at (130 ℃, 24 h) and natural aging for 150 d+artificial aging at (150 ℃, 2 h). The maximum hardness of welded joint at solid solution zone of Al-Zn-Mg alloy increases from 82.5HV to 123HV, the maximum conductivity increases from 34%IACS to 35.8%IACS and the denudation level reaches to EA after natural aging 4 d+artificial aging at (130 ℃, 24 h) treatment. The maximum hardness of welded joint at solid solution zone of Al-Zn-Mg alloy increases from 82.5HV to 110HV, the maximum conductivity increase from 34%IACS to 34.7%IACS and the denudation level reaches up to N after natural aging for 150 d+artificial aging at (150 ℃, 2 h) treatment. The reason why aging treatment can improve the hardness and corrosion resistance of welded joint at solid solution zone of Al-Zn-Mg alloy is that the intragranular precipitate phase are coarsening and dispersion distribution, also the grain boundary precipitate phase distribution are discontinuous.

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