鎳基單晶高溫合金的研發(fā)進展

鎳基單晶高溫合金的研發(fā)進展Recent Progress in Research and Development of Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloys

本文概述了近年來鎳基單晶高溫合金的研發(fā)進展。在合金研制方面，總結了單晶合金近幾年的發(fā)展及其成分設計方法。針對單晶合金常見的變形和損傷、失效機制，分別介紹了單晶合金蠕變、疲勞、氧化及熱腐蝕機理，以及單晶合金中常見缺陷對力學性能的影響。在單晶葉片制造工藝方面，總結了高速凝固、氣冷、液態(tài)金屬冷卻、以及流態(tài)床冷卻等幾種常見定向凝固工藝的研發(fā)和應用現(xiàn)狀，并介紹了單晶葉片中幾種常見缺陷的形成機制和相關控制技術。此外，本文還討論了單晶高溫合金及單晶葉片在應用基礎研究領域面臨的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。

Single crystal superalloy is the key material used in the hot section of aeroengines and industry gas turbines. The research, development and application of these alloys is generally a mirror of the industry base of a country. The recent progress in research and development of single crystal superalloys is briefly reviewed in the present paper. Some new ideas in alloy development and the design methods are summarized. The deformation behaviors, damage and failure mechanisms of single crystal superalloys during creep, fatigue, oxidation and hot corrosion have been overviewed. The role of typical defects such as low angle grain boundary, recrystallization and micro-porosity is also discussed. The recent progress in the directional solidification processes and typical parameters of high rate solidification, gas cooling casting, liquid metal cooling and fluidized bed cooling are introduced. Fundamental correlations of processing parameters to defect formation and microstructure evolution during manufacture of single crystal blade is discussed. Additionally, the future opportunities and challenges are also explored.

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